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43 pictures and 127 papers on the hepatocyte: the pictures by method, the papers by section. A picture opens large on a click and goes to its paper on a second. Every PMID hepato.site cites (321) is checked against PubMed for retractions at each build: none found.

Electron microscopy 16

Ultrastructure of hepatocytes of animals of the control group. RER--rough endoplasmic reticulum, BC--bile canaliculi, GC--Golgi complex, CC--cell-cell contact, L--lipid droplet, Lys--lysosome, M--mitochondrion, N--nucleus. TEM, x5500.

Areshidze DA, Kozlova MA, Anurkina AV et al. Int J Mol Sci 2026 · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructure of hepatocytes of animals of the dark-deprivation group (constant artificial lighting, 3 months). G--glycogen, RER--granular endoplasmic reticulum, L--lipid droplet, M--mitochondria, Mph--macrophage, Ch--chromatin, N--nucleus, Nc--nucleolus. TEM, x5000.

Areshidze DA, Kozlova MA, Anurkina AV et al. Int J Mol Sci 2026 · CC BY 4.0

Ultrastructural observations of autophagy-related structures in hepatocytes (A-C) and splenic macrophages (D-F) before and after starvation in T. rosa. (A,D) Cells with a normal structure before starvation; (B,E) after 30 days of starvation; (C,F) after 90 days of starvation. (a-f) Higher-magnification views of regions indicated by red squares in (A-F), respectively. Red arrows indicate autophagosome-like structures, and black arrows indicate autolysosome-like structures. Mit: mitochondrion, N: nucleus, RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Wu, Ni, Xu et al 2026, Biology · CC BY 4.0

Characterization of the multi-polarization structure of expandable G-heporgs. A Immunostaining of Factin, ZO1, MRP2, and MDR1. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 um. B, C 3D imaging of MDR1 and Factin staining. D Representative images of transmission electron micrograph (TEM). Scale bar = 2 um (left) and 500 nm (middle and right). Red arrows indicated microvilli, blue arrows indicated tight junction and yellow arrows indicated desmosomes. E Representative images of CDFDA staining. Scale bar = 100 um. F Representative images of Rho123 staining with or without Ver (Verapamil) treatment. Scale bar = 50 um.

Wu, Liu, Chen et al 2026, Cell Death & Disease · CC BY 4.0

Lutein modulates lipid accumulation and LC3 distribution in an in vitro model of steatosis. HepG2 cells were treated for 12 h with free fatty acids (FFAs) to induce steatosis and/or with lutein (10 uM). (A) Representative immunofluorescence images acquired by confocal microscopy with 3D reconstruction using Airyscan, showing LC3 (red), lipid droplets stained with BODIPY (green), and nuclei stained with Hoechst (blue). White arrows indicate LC3 colocalization with lipid droplets. (B) Quantification of BODIPY fluorescence intensity. (C) Quantification of LC3 fluorescence intensity. (D) Colocalization analysis between LC3 and BODIPY, expressed as Pearson's correlation coefficient, performed using ImageJ. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM of n = 3 independent experiments.

Saud, Cabrera, Valladares et al 2026, Antioxidants · CC BY 4.0

Lycopene restored mitochondrial function in the mice liver. (A) Transmission electron microscopy of mice liver. (B) ATP contents in liver tissue. (C) Mitochondrial membrane potential level. M: mitochondria; N: nucleus; yellow arrows: lipid droplets; red arrows: autolysosomes; red triangles: nascent mitophagosomes; red stars: mitophagosomes. NC: Normal control group; MC: Model control group; LL: Low-dose lycopene group, HL: High-dose lycopene group, FN: Fenofibrate group. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).

Xu, Wu, Ye et al 2026, Antioxidants · CC BY 4.0

Classification of TEM findings by intracellular organelles. Asterisk mitochondria; inside dotted line glycogen granules; arrow rER. As shown below, 0 was defined as normal, 1 as mildly abnormal, and 2 as highly abnormal. TEM findings of liver tissue are summarized in Table 2. a - c TEM of mitochondria. a Clear membrane/normal cristae = score 0, b Round shape/ruptured cristae = score 1, c Autophagosome formation/decrease in number = score 2, d - f TEM of glycogen granules. d Rich = score 0, e Decrease in number = score 1, f Complete loss = score 2, g - i TEM of rER. g Normal = score 0, h Expansion/degeneration = score 1, i Dissolution/spherical shape (loss) = score 2

Kido, Mizukoshi, Yanagi et al 2025, Journal of Gastroenterology · CC BY 4.0

Loss of MIC13 disrupts the MIC10 subcomplex, crista junctions, and mitochondrial network morphology in iHeps. A Western blot analysis shows marked depletion of the MIC10-subcomplex (MIC10, MIC26, MIC27 and MIC13) in MIC13 mut iHeps, while the MIC60-subcomplex (MIC60, MIC19 and MIC25) remains largely unaffected, except for MIC25. B Representative TEM images of WT and MIC13 mut iHeps reveal abnormal cristae ultrastructure, including stacked or ring-like structure of the cristae. Scale bars: 500 nm. C Quantitative analysis of TEM images show that while the number of cristae per mitochondrial sections remains unchanged between WT and MIC13 mut iHeps, there is a significant reduction in number of CJs in MIC13 mut iHeps, indicating impaired cristae organization. Data is shown as separate violin plot with range, median and interquartile values indicated from approximately 135 sections from three independent (n = 3) experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test. **** p <= 0.0001, ns = non-significant, p > 0.05. D Representative confocal images of WT and MIC13 mut iHeps immunostained for HSP60 (mitochondria, red) and counterstained with Hoechst (nuclei, blue) revealed extensive mitochondrial fragmentation in MIC13 mut iHeps. Yellow arrowhead indicate fragmented mitochondria and yellow lines traces tubular mitochondria. Scale bar: 10 um. E Quantification of mitochondrial network morphology, shown as a bar graph representing the percentage of cells displaying tubular, intermediate or fragmented mitochondria reveals a significant reduction in cells with tubular networks and a corresponding increase in cells with fragmented networks in MIC13 mut iHeps (around 50 cells per experiment, n = 3, mean +/- SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test. * p <= 0.05, *** p <= 0.001, ns non-significant, p > 0.05. F Representative confocal microscopy images of WT and MIC13 mut iHeps immunostained with anti-DNA (mitochondrial nucleoids and nuclei, green) and anti-HSP60 (mitochondria, red), reveal no detectable alterations in nucleoid distribution within mitochondria in MIC13 mut iHeps. White arrow heads indicate mtDNA nucleoids within mitochondria. Scale bar: 10 um.

Becker, Eichmann, Vasiliev et al 2026, Cell Death & Disease · CC BY 4.0

Loss of MIC13 disrupts the MIC10 subcomplex, crista junctions, and mitochondrial network morphology in iHeps. A Western blot analysis shows marked depletion of the MIC10-subcomplex (MIC10, MIC26, MIC27 and MIC13) in MIC13 mut iHeps, while the MIC60-subcomplex (MIC60, MIC19 and MIC25) remains largely unaffected, except for MIC25. B Representative TEM images of WT and MIC13 mut iHeps reveal abnormal cristae ultrastructure, including stacked or ring-like structure of the cristae. Scale bars: 500 nm. C Quantitative analysis of TEM images show that while the number of cristae per mitochondrial sections remains unchanged between WT and MIC13 mut iHeps, there is a significant reduction in number of CJs in MIC13 mut iHeps, indicating impaired cristae organization. Data is shown as separate violin plot with range, median and interquartile values indicated from approximately 135 sections from three independent (n = 3) experiments. D Representative confocal images of WT and MIC13 mut iHeps immunostained for HSP60 (mitochondria, red) and counterstained with Hoechst (nuclei, blue) revealed extensive mitochondrial fragmentation in MIC13 mut iHeps. Yellow arrowhead indicate fragmented mitochondria and yellow lines traces tubular mitochondria. Scale bar: 10 um. E Quantification of mitochondrial network morphology, shown as a bar graph representing the percentage of cells displaying tubular, intermediate or fragmented mitochondria.

Becker, Eichmann, Vasiliev et al 2026, Cell Death and Disease · CC BY 4.0

HFD diet induces liver injury and inhibits hepatic Pemt expression in large yellow croaker. (A) HE staining of liver sections in the Con and HFD groups (n = 4). Scale bars, 50 um. (B) Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and (C) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the Con and HFD groups (n = 6). (D) The protein expression of apoptosis-related protein (Parp1, Cleaved-Parp1, Cleaved-Caspase3, Cleaved-Caspase9, Bax, and Bcl2) (n = 3) and (E) Nlrp3 inflammasome activation-related protein (Nlrp3, Cleaved-Caspase1, and mature Il1beta) in the liver of fish fed Con and HFD diets (n = 3). (F) Mitochondrial structure in the liver identified by TEM in fish fed Con and HFD diets. Red scale bars, 2 um, black scale bars, 1 um. M, mitochondria, LD, lipid droplet, N, nucleus. The results are presented as the mean +/- SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.

Bu, Cao, Yao et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

Adhesion and 3D growth of primary hepatocytes on the surface of PVA NM in monoculture and coculture with NIH3T3 cells. (A) Primary hepatocytes were cultured on PVA NM in monoculture or coculture with NIH3T3 cells in a layer-by-layer culture system, and the cultures were observed using DIC microscopy. (B) Staining of live/dead cells with fluorescence. Green and red colors are observed in live and dead cells, respectively. (C) SEM images of monocultured and cocultured hepatocytes. The images represent three or four independent experiments and different magnifications.

Tran, Han, Tran et al 2026, International Journal of Molecular Sciences · CC BY 4.0

Rab1A deficiency alleviates western diet-induced hepatic steatosis in adult mice. (A) Experimental scheme for establishing WD-induced models with wild-type control (WT) and Rab1A knockout (KO) mice (n = 8). (B) ITT of mice after 16 weeks on the diet. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 8), *** p < 0.001, analyzed by two-way ANOVA. (C) Representative images of livers in WT and Rab1A KO mice on the diet in situ. White speckles indicate lipid accumulation. Scale bar, 1 mm. (D) Representative H&E staining of liver sections in WT and Rab1A KO mice on the diet. White holes indicate hepatic steatosis. Scale bar, 50 um. (E) Triglyceride levels in serum from 4 groups of mice were quantified using respective kits. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 8). *** p < 0.001, unpaired Student t-test for two groups. (F) AST from serum of 4 groups of mice was quantified using the respective kits. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 8). **** p < 0.0001, unpaired Student t-test for two groups. (G) Quantification of ALT in liver supernatants from WT and Rab1A KO mice on diet. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 8). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, unpaired Student t-test. (H) Experimental design of WD-induced model in Rab1A liver-specific knockdown and control mice (n = 8). (I) Validation of Rab1A knockdown in liver upon AAV-shRab1A delivery by immunoblot. (J,K) GTT and ITT performed with Scramble and Rab1A knockdown mice (16 weeks on diet). Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 7). ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, analyzed by two-way ANOVA. (L) Representative images of livers and ORO staining of liver sections with Scramble and Rab1A knockdown mice. Scale bar, 100 um. (M) Quantification of triglyceride levels in liver supernatants from Scramble and Rab1A knockdown mice on a diet. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (n = 6). * p < 0.05, unpaired Student t-test. (N) Quantification of ALT in liver supernatants from Scramble and Rab1A knockdown mice on diet. Results are presented as mean +/- SEM (Scramble = 7, shRab1A = 5). **** p < 0.0001, unpaired Student t-test.

Zhang, Li, Zhang et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

hTCL phenotype in proliferating primary hepatocyte cultures analyzed by LCI and SEM. The cultures were incubated in serum-free MEM supplemented with EGF (40 ng/mL) and insulin (0.9 ug/mL). (a) Phase contrast image of an hTCL locating to a hepatocyte where the soma (S) as well as the telopodium (Tp, white arrows; diameter of about 500 nm) with dilations (D; podomes) can be resolved. It is not clear whether the dark zone at the soma-Tp connection (S, black arrow) represents the nucleus (23 h 30 min after culture). (b,c) SEM inspection of hTCLs after 24 h of incubation; (b) two hTCLs locating to a hepatocyte membrane can be seen, one hTCL showing a very long Tp (white arrows) with several dilations (D). (c) Array of telopodia (white arrows) extending at a hepatocyte border (Hep; green arrows) to the collagen coat (Coll) also showing several dilations (D), Tp end-contacts to the cell surface (C), and distinct Tp-to-Tp contacts (insert). Annotated are two telopodia with diameters of 150 nm (a) and 286 nm (b) and a Tp-bundle of 430 nm diameter (c).

Bresgen, Kerschbaum, Kalyuzhny et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0

Knockdown of Tph1 activates Parkin-mediated mitophagy and alleviates hepatic injury in MASLD mice. (A) TEM images showing mitochondrial ultrastructure in liver tissue. Scale bar = 5 um (B, C) Western blotting analysis and quantification of LC3 and p62 expression in total liver lysates ( n = 3 per group). (D, E) Western blotting analysis and quantification of LC3, Parkin, and p62 protein levels in mitochondrial fractions ( n = 3 per group). Data are presented as mean +/- SD. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TEM, transmission electron microscopy; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; AAV, adeno-associated virus; NC, negative control.

Jia, Ye, Wang et al 2026, Pediatric Investigation · CC BY 4.0

Knockdown of Tph1 activates Parkin-mediated mitophagy and alleviates hepatic injury in MASLD mice. (A) TEM images showing mitochondrial ultrastructure in liver tissue. Scale bar = 5 um (B, C) Western blotting analysis and quantification of LC3 and p62 expression in total liver lysates (n = 3 per group). (D, E) Western blotting analysis and quantification of LC3, Parkin, and p62 protein levels in mitochondrial fractions (n = 3 per group). Data are presented as mean +/- SD.

Jia, Ye, Wang et al 2026, Pediatric Investigation · CC BY 4.0

Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of brown trout primary hepatocyte spheroids cultured for 8, 12, 18 and 25 days, at 18 degrees C and 21 degrees C (n = 3 spheroids/day/fish). DB: dense bodies, GA: Golgi apparatus, LD: lipid droplet, Mi: mitochondria, Nu: nucleus, Nc: nucleolus, RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum

Alves, Malhao, Lopes et al 2026, Cell and Tissue Research · CC BY 4.0

Immunostaining and fluorescence 7

Increased E-cadherin expression relative to N-cadherin induces hepatic polarity. (A) Representative iSIM images of polarized Can 10 cells and unpolarized parental Fao cells. Cells were cultured for 3 days, then fixed, and stained with DAPI and antibodies against MDR1 and ZO-1. Yellow arrowheads indicate nonpolarized cells lacking MDR1- and ZO-1-positive structures. (B) Immunoblot analysis of E- and N-cadherin expression in Fao and Can 10 cells. (C) Normalized intensity ratios of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and p120-catenin relative to tubulin in Fao and Can 10 cells. Values represent means +/- SD from three independent experiments. Ratios in Fao cells were set to 1.0. (D) Analysis of cell polarization in Can 10 and Fao cells. Cells were cultured for 3 days, then fixed, and stained with phalloidin, DAPI, and antibodies against radixin and ZO-1. iSIM images were shown in horizontal (xy) and orthogonal (xz) views. Note that the Fao cells indicated by yellow arrowheads contain phalloidin-positive structures located within the cells. (E) Quantification of Can 10 and Fao cells with various types of polarity and BC structures. Values are means +/- SD from four independent experiments (>=401 cells counted per sample). (F) Analysis of TJ protein localization and assembly in Can 10 and Fao cells stained with DAPI and antibodies against Par-3 and ZO-1. Representative iSIM images are shown. (G) Analysis of AJ protein localization and assembly in relation to F-actin in Can 10 and Fao cells stained with phalloidin, DAPI, and antibodies against E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Representative iSIM images are shown.

Hayase, Yang, Zhou et al 2026, The Journal of Cell Biology · CC BY 4.0

BC formation and elongation benefits from low matrix rigidity. (A) Merged mid and bottom planes (z-projection) of hepatocyte cultures plated either on collagen-I gel, on collagen-functionalized PAA gels of ~0.5 kPa, or ~20 kPa or on collagen-coated glass and overlaid with collagen-I gel and cultured for 3 days; ZO1 outlines BC, which are also enriched in F-actin. beta-cat, beta-catenin. Note that rigidity-dependent stress fiber formation at the plating surface was accompanied by reduced BC length fraction. (B) Quantification of BC length fraction for each condition. BC length fractions were compared between glass-gel and 0.5-20 kPa cultures at day 1, 2 and 3 upon O/L. (C) Average cell area of 3 day O/L cultures on the indicated matrices; note that only significant differences are indicated; comparisons between all other datasets were not significant. Data shown are mean +/- s.d. n = 3 or 4 (B); n = 3 (C). *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons). Scale bars: 50 um.

Cohen, Lazaro-Dieguez, Musch et al 2025, Journal of Cell Science · CC BY 4.0

Validation of progenitor and hepatocyte marker expression in human liver organoids using confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (A) Representative confocal immunofluorescence images showing the expression of progenitor cell markers (LGR5 and EpCAM), and hepatocyte markers (A1AT, CYP3A4, HNF4A, and albumin) in human liver organoids (HLiOs) cultured under expansion or differentiation conditions. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue), while specific markers are shown in green or red. Scale bars: 50-100 um, as indicated. (B) Quantification of fluorescence intensity (RawIntDen) of progenitor and hepatocyte markers under expansion and differentiation conditions. Data are presented as fold changes relative to the expansion conditions. Data are shown as mean +/- SD from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 was considered significant vs. expansion condition.

Cimino, Tinnirello, Orlando et al 2026, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

Lycopene alleviate palmitic acid-induced hepatocyte lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction by improving mitophagy. (A) Oil Red O staining showing lipid accumulation in different groups, 50x. (B) Lipid droplets area of Oil Red O staining. (C) Mitochondria-ROS co-staining revealing oxidative stress levels. The red fluorescence from MitoSOX-Red indicates the production of mitochondrial ROS, with brighter red fluorescence indicating higher oxidative stress. (D) Mitochondrial superoxide production was assessed by MitoSOX Red staining (red fluorescence). Mitochondria were counterstained with Mito-Tracker (green fluorescence). Colocalization of MitoSOX Red and Mito-Tracker is shown in the merged images. Representative immunofluorescence images of cellular mitochondrial morphology; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001.

Xu, Wu, Ye et al 2026, Antioxidants · CC BY 4.0

Validation of progenitor and hepatocyte marker expression in human liver organoids using confocal immunofluorescence analysis. (A) Representative confocal immunofluorescence images showing the expression of progenitor cell markers (LGR5 and EpCAM), and hepatocyte markers (A1AT, CYP3A4, HNF4A, and albumin) in human liver organoids (HLiOs) cultured under expansion or differentiation conditions. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue), while specific markers are shown in green or red. Scale bars: 50-100 um, as indicated. (B) Quantification of fluorescence intensity (RawIntDen) of progenitor and hepatocyte markers under expansion and differentiation conditions. Data are presented as fold changes relative to the expansion conditions. Data are shown as mean +/- SD from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 was considered significant vs. expansion condition.

Cimino, Tinnirello, Orlando et al 2026, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · CC BY 4.0

IHC showing zonation of GS, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 in liver lobules from four species including human. Each marker shows characteristic pericentral or periportal distribution along the portal-central axis.

Albadry M 2024, Frontiers in pharmacology · CC BY 4.0

Overview of H&E and zonal expression in normal liver lobules from four species including human. GS-positive pericentral (zone 3) and CYP-positive periportal (zone 1) regions illustrate the functional gradient across the lobule.

Albadry M 2024, Frontiers in pharmacology · CC BY 4.0

Stained sections and smears 11

Normal human liver: reticulin stain with zones labelled. Portal triad (Zone 1) to central vein (Zone 3). Hepatocyte plates outlined in reticulin fibres.

Boyd A, Cain O, Chauhan A, Webb GJ · CC BY 4.0

Macrovesicular steatosis in NAFLD/MASLD. Trichrome stain: large lipid vacuoles (white) displace hepatocyte nuclei; pericellular fibrosis in blue-green; central vein centre-right.

Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0

Steatohepatitis (MASH). Trichrome stain at high magnification: ballooned hepatocytes, microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation, chicken-wire pericellular fibrosis.

Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0

Liver histology from rats. (A) Histological sections of liver tissue. Stain: hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) Quantification of liver steatosis score. Values are presented as box plots with whiskers from minimum to maximum (n = 5/group). *p < 0.05 effect of diet; # p < 0.05 effect of Tucum-do-Cerrado.

Cavalcanti, Damazo, Arruda et al 2026, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research · CC BY 4.0

Optimization of ex vivo liver slice culture conditions. Viability was assessed by H&E staining after three days of culture under different conditions: (A) slice thickness comparison between 150 and 250 µm, n = 8 independent donors; (B) high oxygen partial pressure, 85% O₂ vs atmospheric, n = 11 independent donors; (C) air–liquid interface using porous inserts, n = 8 independent donors; and (D) matrix embedding assessed by cell efflux into the medium, n = 6 independent donors.

Feng, Esposito, Benjak et al 2026, Advanced Science · CC BY 4.0

Figure 7. Histopathological and ultrasound aspect of normal FT liver. (A): Normal histological appearance of the FT liver, demonstrating the UV, LSPV, PS, RAPV, RPPV. Classic hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×100

Nagy, R.D.; Ruican, D.; Zorilă, G.-L.; Istrate-Ofiţeru, A.-M.; Badiu, A.M.; Iliescu, D.G. · CC BY 4.0

Figure 6. Histological appearance of the FT liver with normal PVS. (A): Histopathological aspect of FT fetal liver. It is observed how UV enters the hepatic structure (yellow arrow) and reaches its visceral surface near the intestinal loops

Nagy, R.D.; Ruican, D.; Zorilă, G.-L.; Istrate-Ofiţeru, A.-M.; Badiu, A.M.; Iliescu, D.G. · CC BY 4.0

Body weight and hepatic lipid content. A ) In comparison with control animals, mice on CDD gain less weight whereas those on MCDD lose weight. B ) Hepatic liver triglyceride content was increased on both CDD and MCDD diets. C ) Liver weight was reduced in MCDD fed mice but not CDD. D ) Liver histology from control, CDD and MCDD mice. H+E = Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showing marked macrovesicular steatosis in both CDD and MCDD mice (white arrows). PSR = Picosirius Red stain staining for new collagen formation showing increased periportal and interstitial fibrosis in MCDD animals (black arrows). In MCDD liver stained with PSR, insert at higher magnification shows increased fibrosis more clearly. E ) Quantified fibrosis content (PSR positive staining as a percentage of entire image). n = 10 per group for all figures. * P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 (one way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test versus control animals). Error bars = +/- SEM.

Lyall, Cartier, Richards et al 2017, Wellcome Open Research · CC BY

Mouse liver portal triad: bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein, and lymphatic vessels surrounded by hepatocytes. Staining method not stated. Mouse.

Bonnardel Johnny · CC BY-SA 4.0

TRPM2 gene knockout reduced lysosomal abundance in PA-treated primary hepatocytes. The primary cultured hepatocytes from TRPM2+/+ and TRPM2-/- were treated with PA (250 um for 24 h) to induce lipid accumulation or with BSA as a control. (A) The cells were co-stained with lysosome marker LysoTracker and neutral lipid dye BODIPY493/503 or (B) with lysosome marker LAMP1 and BODIPY493/503. Scale bar: 20 um as indicated. Representative of N = 10 slides from the cells prepared from 5 mice.

Ying, Zhuo, Zhou et al 2026, Cells · CC BY 4.0

H&E staining of normal liver tissue from four species (mouse, rat, pig, and human) showing lobular architecture. Central veins and portal tracts demarcate the lobular boundaries; hepatocytes are arranged in cords between sinusoids.

Albadry M 2024, Frontiers in pharmacology · CC BY 4.0

Light microscopy 1

Brightfield imaging of hepatic cell seeding in MPS Pass / Fail. (A) 4-24 h after seeding of the MPS with hepatic cells they should show a cobblestone morphology with pronounced bright borders where cell-to-cell contacts occur to receive a passing score for cell attachment. (B) Example of a hepatic lot of primary human cells that failed to show strong adhesion even after a 24-hour attachment period

Varmazyad, Gavlock, Castiglione et al 2026, BMC Methods · CC BY 4.0

Figures and diagrams 8

Classic lobule (Kiernan 1833) and Rappaport acinus (1954): zonal organization, vascular landmarks, and injury patterns by zone.

Illustration by hepato.site · CC0

Hepatocyte ultrastructure: nucleus, mitochondria, smooth and rough ER, glycogen, lipid droplets, bile canaliculus, space of Disse. Sources: Fawcett 1966; Bancroft & Gamble 7th ed.

Illustration by hepato.site · CC0

Hepatocyte zonation gradient from portal triad (Zone 1) to central vein (Zone 3): O2 gradient, Wnt gradient, metabolic programs by zone, and zone-specific pathology.

Illustration hepato.site; data after Jungermann K 1982 and Ramachandran P et al. 2026 · CC0

Illustration of a human hepatocyte showing the characteristic polygonal morphology. NIH BioArt.

Courtesy of NIAID Ryan Kissinger · Public domain

Diagram of the liver lobule, the functional tissue unit of the liver, with hepatocytes radiating outward from the central hepatic vein. NIH NIAID BioArt.

NIH NIAID · CC BY 4.0

Schematic diagram of the hepatic lobule structure, illustrating the spatial organization of hepatocytes and sinusoids. DBCLS.

DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0

Anatomical diagram of the liver lobule showing portal triads, sinusoids, and central vein arrangement. Smart Servier Medical Art.

Laboratoires Servier · CC BY-SA 3.0

Schematic of the hepatic sinusoid showing hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Gressner et al. 2007, Comparative Hepatology.

Gressner et al. Comparative Hepatology 2007 6:7 doi:10.1186/1476-5926-6-7 · CC BY-SA 3.0

Publications 127

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Publications page holds the dated feed.

  1. Zhang L, Li J, Zhang H, Qin Q, Huang Y, Tian X, et al. Rab1A Promotes Hepatic Steatosis by Suppressing Mitophagy via the Raf-1/ERK1/2/PINK1 Signaling Axis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026:e17520. PMID: 42801566. research paper
  2. Ishii KA, Takayama H, Galicia-Medina CM, Oo HK, Gafiyatullina G, Saito Y, et al. Hepatic Selenoprotein P Impairs Bone Formation via Osteoblastic IGF-1 Resistance. J Bone Miner Res. 2026. PMID: 42789062. research paper
  3. Grasselli E, Voci A, Pesce C, Canesi L, Fugassa E, Gallo G, et al. [Expression of Concern] PAT protein mRNA expression in primary rat hepatocytes: Effects of exposure to fatty acids. Int J Mol Med. 2026;58:324. PMID: 42788357. research paper
  4. Zhang S, Cedillo L, Villanueva CJ. Lipolysis-Driven Communication Between Adipose Tissue and Liver: A Key Axis in Metabolic Regulation. J Lipid Res. 2026:101150. PMID: 42785681. research paper
  5. Visweswaran GRR, Mahdavi P, Vijayan K, Ntumngia FB, Staker BL, Barnes SJ, et al. Targeting a site of vulnerability on circumsporozoite protein inhibits Plasmodium vivax malaria infection. Immunity. 2026. PMID: 42785294. research paper
  6. Fernández-Iglesias A, Harris EN, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Kaur S, Zapotoczny B, Ikejima K, et al. The hepatic sinusoid as a regulatory niche: From cellular specialization to precision hepatology. Hepatology. 2026. PMID: 42782126. research paper
  7. Gamarra JR, Higuchi S, Yuan TL, Xie Y, Liu C, Shanmugarajah N, et al. Manganese availability determines insulin sensitivity by enhancing Akt activity. bioRxiv. 2026. PMID: 42779755. research paper
  8. Tao L, Liu N, Zhang W, Yang Z, Xing W, Wu L, et al. Butyrylcholinesterase alleviates hepatic stellate cell activation via paracrine muscarinic signalling. Gut. 2026. PMID: 42778344. research paper
  9. Cheng X, Lu K, Yang L, Cheng K, Chen Q, Zhao R, et al. PDCD4-driven steatosis via the HNF4A/GK axis is attenuated by the natural compound isosinensetin. Phytomedicine. 2026;162:158810. PMID: 42777604. research paper
  10. Pham TV, Thoa NT, Huong NT, Hoai LT, Hai TQ, Shantier SW, et al. Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities of Broussonetia papyrifera Aerial Parts: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study. Chem Biodivers. 2026;23:e71730. PMID: 42773741. research paper
  11. Chen Y, Wang X, Yu W, Gong M, Lu Y, Xu J, et al. VGLL4 enhances PDK4 transcription and promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. EMBO Rep. 2026. PMID: 42773190. research paper
  12. Chenhao J, Lu H, Yasong L, Jianhao Z, Huaxin C, Xinyun W, et al. Restoration of aged liver regeneration by youthful systemic factors via LTβ-driven hepatocyte reprogramming. J Hepatol. 2026. PMID: 42772698. research paper
  13. Tian T, Xue Y, Sun C, Yang L, Wang J, Jin-Smith B, et al. Alcohol reshapes liver zonal plasticity and immune-metabolic reprogramming in metabolic-syndrome associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2026;17:10047. PMID: 42768043. research paper
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  117. Wu H, Liu S, Chen S, Qin C, Yan W, Cao X, et al. Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:381. PMID: 41888105. research paper
  118. Tran HVA, Han SH, Tran TXT, Kim KW, Kim MC, Lee IJ, et al. Three-Dimensional Culture of Primary Hepatocytes in a Single-Cell Layer on Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibrous Membrane. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:2366. PMID: 41828586. research paper
  119. Varmazyad M, Gavlock DC, Castiglione MW, DeBiasio R, LaRocca G, Reese C, et al. Road map for primary hepatocyte qualification in human liver organ models. BMC Methods. 2026;3:6. PMID: 41669373. research paper
  120. Cohen D, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Müsch A. Bile canaliculi formation in primary hepatocytes requires α1β1 integrin-dependent adherens junction re-organization. J Cell Sci. 2025;138:jcs264412. PMID: 41347643. research paper
  121. Musina L, Lebedeva A, Drozdova L, Prusakov A, Ponamarev V. Features of the Liver Microstructural Organization of the Bactrian Camel. Animals (Basel). 2025;15:2921. PMID: 41096516. research paper
  122. Kido H, Mizukoshi E, Yanagi M, Shihui L, Seike T, Nakagawa H, et al. Abnormalities of intracellular organelles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease. J Gastroenterol. 2025;60:990-999. PMID: 40343540. research paper
  123. Albadry M, Küttner J, Grzegorzewski J, Dirsch O, Kindler E, Klopfleisch R, et al. Cross-species variability in lobular geometry and cytochrome P450 hepatic zonation: insights into CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1404938. PMID: 38818378. research paper
  124. Mayer C, Nehring S, Kücken M, Repnik U, Seifert S, Sljukic A, et al. Apical bulkheads accumulate as adaptive response to impaired bile flow in liver disease. EMBO Rep. 2023;24:e57181. PMID: 37522754. research paper
  125. Hess MW, Krainer IM, Filipek PA, Witting B, Gutleben K, Vietor I, et al. Advanced Microscopy for Liver and Gut Ultrastructural Pathology in Patients with MVID and PFIC Caused by MYO5B Mutations. J Clin Med. 2021;10:1901. PMID: 33924896. research paper
  126. Lyall MJ, Cartier J, Richards JA, Cobice D, Thomson JP, Meehan RR, et al. Methyl donor deficient diets cause distinct alterations in lipid metabolism but are poorly representative of human NAFLD. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:67. PMID: 29707653. research paper
  127. Jungermann K, Heilbronn R, Katz N, Sasse D. The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate cycle in the periportal and perivenous zone of rat liver. Eur J Biochem. 1982;123:429-36. PMID: 6281009. research paper

Disease 68

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Disease page holds the dated feed.

  1. Zhang L, Li J, Zhang H, Qin Q, Huang Y, Tian X, et al. Rab1A Promotes Hepatic Steatosis by Suppressing Mitophagy via the Raf-1/ERK1/2/PINK1 Signaling Axis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026:e17520. PMID: 42801566. keyword: metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  2. Grasselli E, Voci A, Pesce C, Canesi L, Fugassa E, Gallo G, et al. [Expression of Concern] PAT protein mRNA expression in primary rat hepatocytes: Effects of exposure to fatty acids. Int J Mol Med. 2026;58:324. PMID: 42788357. keyword: fatty liver model
  3. Fernández-Iglesias A, Harris EN, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Kaur S, Zapotoczny B, Ikejima K, et al. The hepatic sinusoid as a regulatory niche: From cellular specialization to precision hepatology. Hepatology. 2026. PMID: 42782126. keyword: liver cancer
  4. Tao L, Liu N, Zhang W, Yang Z, Xing W, Wu L, et al. Butyrylcholinesterase alleviates hepatic stellate cell activation via paracrine muscarinic signalling. Gut. 2026. PMID: 42778344. keyword: HEPATIC FIBROSIS
  5. Pham TV, Thoa NT, Huong NT, Hoai LT, Hai TQ, Shantier SW, et al. Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities of Broussonetia papyrifera Aerial Parts: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study. Chem Biodivers. 2026;23:e71730. PMID: 42773741. MeSH: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
  6. Tian T, Xue Y, Sun C, Yang L, Wang J, Jin-Smith B, et al. Alcohol reshapes liver zonal plasticity and immune-metabolic reprogramming in metabolic-syndrome associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2026;17:10047. PMID: 42768043. MeSH: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  7. Zhang Y, Li B, Zhang J, Guo H, Lin G, Xie J, et al. Yindan-Pinggan Capsules Alleviate Steatotic Liver Disease Through Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Mice. Curr Pharm Des. 2026. PMID: 42764661. keyword: steatotic liver disease
  8. Sailer J, Gottal J, Kaub L, Jauch AT, Engler J, Eberhagen C, et al. Cuproptosis in iron overload hepatocytes. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:816. PMID: 42763343. MeSH: Hepatocytes/pathology
  9. Shaukat A, Faisal S, Fatima I, Hussain R, Mahmood Y, Momenah MA, et al. Thiram-induced oxidative, genotoxic, and biochemical alterations in Pangasius fish: Implications for aquatic toxicology. Aquat Toxicol. 2026;301:108012. PMID: 42762542. keyword: Histopathology
  10. Jain R, Puri V, Mungamuri SK, Garg P. Integrative predictive modelling and multi-omics validation reveals potential indicators of clinical heterogeneity in HCC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026;837:154590. PMID: 42759273. MeSH: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  11. Toma L, Barbălată T, Hărătău JIC, Sanda GM, Fuior EV, Fenyo IM, et al. CRISPR/dCas9-induced upregulation of endogenous apolipoprotein A1 and paraoxonase 1 genes reduces the aortic lipid deposits in apoE-/- mice. Mol Biomed. 2026;7:176. PMID: 42754810. MeSH: Aorta/pathology
  12. Kosaka M, Okamoto-Uchida Y, Hirose H, Nagaoka Y, Miyamura N, Kanai A, et al. YAP1 induces hepatocellular carcinoma via DNA demethylation rather than by canonical driver gene mutations. Commun Biol. 2026;9:1198. PMID: 42754661. MeSH: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  13. Kim H, Kim G, Yeon H, Yang DY, Lee SG, An TH, et al. A refined MASH-HCC model identifies macrophage Gadd45b as a key orchestrator of inflammation-driven neoplastic progression. Exp Mol Med. 2026;58:3196-3213. PMID: 42749878. MeSH: Macrophages/pathology
  14. Wang Z, Liu N, Li Y, Li T, Ma L, Wang Z, et al. HBV induces immunosuppressive macrophages via metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming to facilitate the establishment of chronic persistent infection. Gut. 2026. PMID: 42749362. keyword: HEPATITIS B
  15. Choi Y, Koh IG, Choi M, An JY, VITAL Consortium. Toward AI Virtual Cells for Hepatology: Representation, Generation, Dynamics, and Intervention in Single-Cell Models. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2026. PMID: 42749352. keyword: Liver disease
  16. Samborska I, Maievskyi O, Haidai O. General structure of scorpion venom and its influence on morphological parameters of the mammalian liver. Wiad Lek. 2026;79:1661-1666. PMID: 42748317. MeSH: Liver/pathology
  17. Becker A, Eichmann TO, Vasiliev V, Mey KA, Petzsch P, Rossi A, et al. MIC13-linked cristae disruption causes metabolic failure and early fibrotic remodelling in mitochondrial liver disease. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:801. PMID: 42744797. MeSH: Hepatocytes/pathology
  18. Yang Y, Kazemzadeh Dastjerd M, Smout A, Merens V, Toprakhisar B, Verfaillie CM, et al. Behaviour of iPSC-Derived and Donor-Derived Hepatic Stellate Cells in Organoid Cultures Is Highly Variable and Contributes to Fibrotic Outcome. Cells. 2026;15:1556. PMID: 42738850. MeSH: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
  19. El Kaourat A, Kartah BE, El Fadili M, Bentarhlia N, Tachallait H, Jaouhari Y, et al. Cytotoxic Triterpenes from Argan Pulp (Argania spinosa): Isolation, In Vitro Evaluation on Cancer Cell Lines, and In Silico Studies. Molecules. 2026;31:3011. PMID: 42738671. MeSH: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
  20. Ghani I, Qiao Q, Li S, Liu Y, Li Z. Effects of Bound Polyphenols on Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells and Glucose-Induced C. elegans Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7802. PMID: 42737694. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  21. Zai W, Hu K, He M, Song Z, Gao P, Luo C, et al. RNAi-mediated HBV antigen shutdown enhances the antiviral immune effects of PEGIFNα via T and B cell crosstalk remodeling. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2026. PMID: 42723512. keyword: Chronic hepatitis B
  22. Luo Y, Qian Z, Yuan G, Yang S, Gong W, Zhai Y, et al. The transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes hyperglycemia-elicited glycolysis and liver cancer progression. Nat Commun. 2026;17:9707. PMID: 42722647. MeSH: Liver Neoplasms
  23. Langer MM, Stadler H, Mannewitz M, Bauschen A, Jacobi S, Koliogiannis D, et al. Spatial transcriptomics reveal impaired metabolic liver zonation in acute-on-chronic liver failure. JHEP Rep. 2026:102035. PMID: 42722106. keyword: Liver cirrhosis
  24. Kim GD, Choi D, Kim SY, Jeong H, Kang G, Eom SJ, et al. Dysregulated m6A via compensatory arginine methylation primes premalignancy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sci Adv. 2026;12:eaec5094. PMID: 42715338. MeSH: Liver Neoplasms
  25. Zhang T, Yuan Y, Lin C, Song C, Liao T, Sun Y, et al. Environmental PFOA exposure and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An integrated computational toxicology and multi-omics study. PLoS One. 2026;21:e0357970. PMID: 42715255. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  26. Hamza RZ, El-Megharbel SM, Albogami B, Al-Thubaiti EH, AlZahrani SS, Alsolami K, et al. Ameliorative effects of Crocin as a potent antioxidant with its spectral characterization against Cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep. 2026;16:27949. PMID: 42706348. MeSH: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
  27. Teymoorian SK, Nouri K, Choshali MA, Hassan M, Rismani E, Vosough M, et al. Vitamin E treatment modulates steatotic and attenuates oxidative stress in a MASLD in vitro model. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1543. PMID: 42704499. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  28. Mijatovic E, Philipp TM, Zuhra K, Petrosino M, Kieronska-Rudek A, Kitanovic A, et al. Misfolding of cystathionine beta-synthase impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular bioenergetics. Free Radic Biol Med. 2026;256:392-407. PMID: 42700825. MeSH: Homocystinuria/pathology
  29. Dutta C, Nath H, Basu K, De A, Biswas S. In-depth comparison of dengue virus laboratory strains and clinical isolates in terms of growth properties and NS1 production and detection in hepatic and non-hepatic cell lines. Virology. 2026;625:111061. PMID: 42700704. keyword: Co-infection
  30. Tokay E, Koc SA, Dulger AT, Alacam R, Hacioglu N, Alper M, et al. Context-dependent effects of MIR100HG on tumorigenic phenotypes and p38/MAPK-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics. 2026;26:249. PMID: 42698010. MeSH: Liver Neoplasms
  31. Stefan-Buzatoiu SA, Alexandru Flintoaca PR, Dobrica MO, Petrescu SM, Branza-Nichita N. Niemann-Pick type C1 protein regulates epidermal growth factor receptor stability in hepatic cells and facilitates the early steps of Hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2026;16:1905331. PMID: 42694163. MeSH: Hepatitis B virus
  32. Laddha AP, Ghanem C, Manautou JE. From pathogenesis to therapy: Extracellular vesicles orchestrate cellular crosstalk in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2026;1034:179307. PMID: 42692282. MeSH: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
  33. Nakatsukasa Y, Hirano M, Yamada Y, Ohta S, Sankoda N, Nakasuka F, et al. MYCN reprograms postnatal cells toward embryonic-like transcriptional states and drives tumorigenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026;835:154488. PMID: 42691625. MeSH: Neuroblastoma/pathology
  34. Dowbaj AM, Huch M. Liver organoids: modelling complexity in homeostasis and disease. FEBS Lett. 2026. PMID: 42690025. keyword: modelling homeostasis and disease
  35. Deng Y, Huang B, Tang Y, Su Q, Liu H, Mo H, et al. Multimodal Analysis Reveals Aberrant Expression of SUMO2 and Its Significant Association With Key Mechanisms of Metabolic Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2026;31:52385. PMID: 42689981. MeSH: Liver Neoplasms
  36. Maekawa T, Inoue A. [A novel human 3D steatohepatitis model recapitulating disease progression for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of action of MASH therapeutics]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2026;161:376-382. PMID: 42686558. MeSH: Disease Progression
  37. Brothwell MJ, Cao G, Maschek JA, Poss AM, Peterlin AD, Wang L, et al. Cardiolipin deficiency disrupts electron transport chain and drives steatohepatitis. Elife. 2026;14:RP106976. PMID: 42684124. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  38. Jia S, Ye X, Wang Z, Wu J. The role of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Pediatr Investig. 2026. PMID: 42682592. keyword: Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  39. Chen K, Yang Z, Peng J, Liu C, Yu Y, Cai X, et al. Bacteroides cellulosilyticus-derived 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid rectifies hepatic lipid homeostasis in MASLD by targeting the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Gut Microbes. 2026;18:2725392. PMID: 42677827. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  40. Jiang W, Fang XY, Sun YM, Xu MY, Han X, Yan SJ, et al. Stevioside promotes hepatocyte proliferation via YAP signaling in cholestatic disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2026. PMID: 42675227. keyword: cholestatic disease
  41. Fang C, Xie Q, Peng L, Liu F, Zhang Y, Zhu X, et al. An H2O2-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2-Malondialdehyde Axis Underlies Mitochondrial Viscosity Elevation in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anal Chem. 2026;98:24521-24532. PMID: 42674035. MeSH: Reperfusion Injury/pathology
  42. Wu N, Han Y, Tang J, Chen Z, Wu J, Zhou Y, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic features of HBV integration in treatment-naïve, HBeAg-positive children with chronic HBV infection. EBioMedicine. 2026;131:106464. PMID: 42673761. MeSH: Hepatitis B, Chronic
  43. Tang Y, Chen Z, Sarkar H, Wei Y, Lopez-Darwin SL, Roichman A, et al. Host metadherin coordinates hepatic lipid metabolism and CD8+ T cell immunity to promote tumor progression. Cell Metab. 2026;38:2072-2089.e13. PMID: 42664974. MeSH: Disease Progression
  44. Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Sun S, Zeng L, Luo Y, et al. Disease-specific biomarker value of C-reactive protein and its composite indices in autoinflammatory diseases: an integrated study of multi-modal omics and population cohorts. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1874052. PMID: 42661689. keyword: disease-specific biomarker
  45. Lu S, Ma J, Wang X, Zhang L, Lu J, Hu J. Integrated bioinformatic evaluation unveils a cellular senescence gene signature as a poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med. 2026;26:308. PMID: 42661129. MeSH: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  46. Leke R, Tan JY, Ling S, Siddiqui M, Kakol-Palm D, Lindblom A, et al. Thermoneutrality Accelerates a Distinctive Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Phenotype in a Diet-Induced Male Mouse Model With Similarities to Human Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2026:101866. PMID: 42660449. keyword: Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis
  47. Giannoukakis N. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH): intersections with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026;17:1901478. PMID: 42656283. MeSH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
  48. Shu Z, Zhou Q, Zhu M, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, et al. Kaempferol Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Oxidative Stress. Nutrients. 2026;18:2633. PMID: 42654213. MeSH: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
  49. Crespo J, Alonso-Peña M, Jiménez-González C, Cayón-Gonzalez L, Iruzubieta P. Beyond Fat: Reframing MASLD Through Genetics, Clonal Biology, and Precision Hepatology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19:1145. PMID: 42653643. keyword: hepatocellular carcinoma
  50. Saud F, Cabrera D, Valladares C, De la Fuente López M, Maldonado-Agurto R, Irribarra-Tapia D, et al. Lutein Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Association with TFEB Nuclear Translocation and Autophagy-Lysosomal Responses in a Cellular Model of Hepatic Steatosis. Antioxidants (Basel). 2026;15:1042. PMID: 42650306. keyword: steatosis
  51. Wen X, Wu K, Wang M, Ma Z, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. ACSS2-KAT5 complex-driven histone crotonylation orchestrates a pro-inflammatory program to promote the transition from MASLD to MASH. Nat Commun. 2026;17:9071. PMID: 42649158. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  52. Bravo-Novoa JP, Norambuena-González R, Quiñones San Martín M, Contreras JE, González DR, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Role of liver connexins and pannexins in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of overnutrition: A narrative review. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2026;623:112897. PMID: 42648696. keyword: Steatosis
  53. Wang R, Wu H, Liang J, Luo H, Huang Z, Zhang R, et al. Risk and mechanisms of artificial sweetener-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Insights from multi-level bioinformatics and in vitro assays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026;323:120705. PMID: 42648040. MeSH: Fatty Liver
  54. Mossemann J, Martins BX, Zhao Y, Aguilar F, Taskina D, Hur CJ, et al. Ninjurin-1 mediates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Adv. 2026;12:eaeg9496. PMID: 42647649. MeSH: Reperfusion Injury/pathology
  55. Gebeyehu GM, Zjalic M, Bognár R, Farkas B, Rashidiani S, Makkai G, et al. Sepsis-Induced Exosomal Transfer of MAFB mRNA Reprograms Hepatocytes via a miR-155-Jarid2-H3F3A Epigenetic Cascade. Cells. 2026;15:1481. PMID: 42645209. MeSH: Sepsis/pathology
  56. Assali EA, Taha M, Salhab A, Amer J, Krishnan KC, Kostic M, et al. Mitochondrial NCLX couples glucagon- and PDE2A-Dependent signals to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Mol Metab. 2026;113:102433. PMID: 42641876. keyword: Hepatic steatosis
  57. Eberhardt DR, Rekate EC, Masini YB, Duron HE, Mollinedo D, Velarde AM, et al. Excessive EFHD1-dependent ER-mitochondrial contacts drive a maladaptive antiviral response in metabolic liver disease. J Clin Invest. 2026;136:e204023. PMID: 42640733. MeSH: Endoplasmic Reticulum/pathology
  58. Mohamed AAK, Sabry YG, Elmistekawy A, Saaedi T, Omar I, Zaitone SA, et al. Calycosin protects from histopathological and ultrastructural changes in ethanol-induced liver injury and exhibits predicted binding affinity to TNF-α/NF-κB/HIF-1α proteins. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1860075. PMID: 42625669. keyword: histopathology
  59. Hashemian Z, Zarrabi M, Nouri M, Piryaei A, Moradi AM, Toosi MN, et al. SINEUP-mediated enhancement of HNF4α improves metabolic function in Huh7-based bioengineered hepatic microtissues. J Liver Cancer. 2026;26:298-316. PMID: 42625329. keyword: Carcinoma, hepatocellular
  60. Ying F, Zhuo D, Zhou S, Jiang L, Yao X. TRPM2 Promotes Lipophagy Through TFEB and LAL in HFD-Fed Mice. Cells. 2026;15:1361. PMID: 42587771. MeSH: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  61. Xu F, Albadry M, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Silibinin promotes hepatocyte proliferation through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Clin Exp Med. 2026;26:247. PMID: 42397441. MeSH: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
  62. Cavalcanti MH, Damazo AS, Arruda SF. Tucum-do-Cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) Consumption Promoted a Healthier Expansion of Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2026;70:e70498. PMID: 42377995. MeSH: Obesity/etiology
  63. Xu Z, Wu X, Ye L, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhang Z, et al. Lycopene Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Activation and Apoptosis Attenuation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2026;15:648. PMID: 42193269. keyword: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
  64. Areshidze DA, Kozlova MA, Anurkina AI, Chernikov VP. Morphofunctional State of the Liver Under Conditions of Three-Month Dark Deprivation: The Influence of Circadian Disruptions and Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:2663. PMID: 41898526. MeSH: Liver/pathology
  65. Varmazyad M, Gavlock DC, Castiglione MW, DeBiasio R, LaRocca G, Reese C, et al. Road map for primary hepatocyte qualification in human liver organ models. BMC Methods. 2026;3:6. PMID: 41669373. keyword: Liver disease modeling
  66. Kido H, Mizukoshi E, Yanagi M, Shihui L, Seike T, Nakagawa H, et al. Abnormalities of intracellular organelles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease. J Gastroenterol. 2025;60:990-999. PMID: 40343540. MeSH: Disease Models, Animal
  67. Hess MW, Krainer IM, Filipek PA, Witting B, Gutleben K, Vietor I, et al. Advanced Microscopy for Liver and Gut Ultrastructural Pathology in Patients with MVID and PFIC Caused by MYO5B Mutations. J Clin Med. 2021;10:1901. PMID: 33924896. keyword: congenital diarrheal disorder
  68. Lyall MJ, Cartier J, Richards JA, Cobice D, Thomson JP, Meehan RR, et al. Methyl donor deficient diets cause distinct alterations in lipid metabolism but are poorly representative of human NAFLD. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:67. PMID: 29707653. keyword: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Signaling 23

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Signaling page holds the dated feed.

  1. Zhang L, Li J, Zhang H, Qin Q, Huang Y, Tian X, et al. Rab1A Promotes Hepatic Steatosis by Suppressing Mitophagy via the Raf-1/ERK1/2/PINK1 Signaling Axis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026:e17520. PMID: 42801566. keyword: Raf‐1/ERK1/2/PINK1 signaling
  2. Ishii KA, Takayama H, Galicia-Medina CM, Oo HK, Gafiyatullina G, Saito Y, et al. Hepatic Selenoprotein P Impairs Bone Formation via Osteoblastic IGF-1 Resistance. J Bone Miner Res. 2026. PMID: 42789062. keyword: IGF-1 receptor
  3. Kosaka M, Okamoto-Uchida Y, Hirose H, Nagaoka Y, Miyamura N, Kanai A, et al. YAP1 induces hepatocellular carcinoma via DNA demethylation rather than by canonical driver gene mutations. Commun Biol. 2026;9:1198. PMID: 42754661. MeSH: YAP-Signaling Proteins
  4. Ghani I, Qiao Q, Li S, Liu Y, Li Z. Effects of Bound Polyphenols on Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells and Glucose-Induced C. elegans Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7802. PMID: 42737694. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  5. Luo Y, Qian Z, Yuan G, Yang S, Gong W, Zhai Y, et al. The transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes hyperglycemia-elicited glycolysis and liver cancer progression. Nat Commun. 2026;17:9707. PMID: 42722647. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  6. Teymoorian SK, Nouri K, Choshali MA, Hassan M, Rismani E, Vosough M, et al. Vitamin E treatment modulates steatotic and attenuates oxidative stress in a MASLD in vitro model. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1543. PMID: 42704499. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  7. Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Young JA, Ikeno Y, Zhu S, McHugh T, et al. Midlife Growth Hormone Receptor Ablation Extends Healthy Lifespan and Induces Sex-Specific Hepatic Transcriptional Changes at Single-Cell Resolution. Aging Cell. 2026;25:e70695. PMID: 42698366. MeSH: Receptors, Somatotropin
  8. Tokay E, Koc SA, Dulger AT, Alacam R, Hacioglu N, Alper M, et al. Context-dependent effects of MIR100HG on tumorigenic phenotypes and p38/MAPK-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics. 2026;26:249. PMID: 42698010. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  9. Stefan-Buzatoiu SA, Alexandru Flintoaca PR, Dobrica MO, Petrescu SM, Branza-Nichita N. Niemann-Pick type C1 protein regulates epidermal growth factor receptor stability in hepatic cells and facilitates the early steps of Hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2026;16:1905331. PMID: 42694163. MeSH: ErbB Receptors
  10. Li S, Mei X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Hou S, et al. Heat shock protein 90α mediates endocytosis of duck hepatitis a virus type 3 (DHAV-3) via interaction with viral capsid protein 1. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026;381:154297. PMID: 42680043. keyword: Viral receptor
  11. Chen K, Yang Z, Peng J, Liu C, Yu Y, Cai X, et al. Bacteroides cellulosilyticus-derived 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid rectifies hepatic lipid homeostasis in MASLD by targeting the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Gut Microbes. 2026;18:2725392. PMID: 42677827. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  12. Jiang W, Fang XY, Sun YM, Xu MY, Han X, Yan SJ, et al. Stevioside promotes hepatocyte proliferation via YAP signaling in cholestatic disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2026. PMID: 42675227. keyword: YAP signaling
  13. Fang L, Habib AGK, Harris MD, Begley AJ, Ali ES. Calcium Imaging in H4IIE Liver Cells and Primary Rodent Hepatocytes: A Cost-Effective Protocol for Use With Fura-2 AM Ca2+ Indicator. Bio Protoc. 2026;16:e5783. PMID: 42657057. keyword: Calcium signaling
  14. Shu Z, Zhou Q, Zhu M, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, et al. Kaempferol Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Oxidative Stress. Nutrients. 2026;18:2633. PMID: 42654213. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  15. Kim DM, Shen Z, Pan Q, Liu Z, Yang W, Fuentes NR, et al. Myeloid GHSR Deficiency Protects Against Endotoxemia via Macrophage Mitochondrial Reprogramming. Biomedicines. 2026;14:1668. PMID: 42652051. keyword: growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)
  16. Gebeyehu GM, Zjalic M, Bognár R, Farkas B, Rashidiani S, Makkai G, et al. Sepsis-Induced Exosomal Transfer of MAFB mRNA Reprograms Hepatocytes via a miR-155-Jarid2-H3F3A Epigenetic Cascade. Cells. 2026;15:1481. PMID: 42645209. keyword: intercellular communication
  17. Zhang S, Zhang Z, Ma Z, Wu W, Tang L, Han Y, et al. Hepatic ChREBP Drives Cardiac Remodeling via ApoM Non-transcriptional Repression. Circ Res. 2026;139:e327537. PMID: 42644248. MeSH: Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
  18. Assali EA, Taha M, Salhab A, Amer J, Krishnan KC, Kostic M, et al. Mitochondrial NCLX couples glucagon- and PDE2A-Dependent signals to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Mol Metab. 2026;113:102433. PMID: 42641876. keyword: Glucagon signaling
  19. Eberhardt DR, Rekate EC, Masini YB, Duron HE, Mollinedo D, Velarde AM, et al. Excessive EFHD1-dependent ER-mitochondrial contacts drive a maladaptive antiviral response in metabolic liver disease. J Clin Invest. 2026;136:e204023. PMID: 42640733. keyword: Calcium signaling
  20. Lee KH, Jakab M, Uvarovskii A, Papageorgiou D, Inverso D, Shi J, et al. Haemodynamic control of zonated liver function via instructive vascular Wnt signalling. Nat Commun. 2026;17:8821. PMID: 42632839. MeSH: Wnt Signaling Pathway
  21. Yang L, Zhang F, Duan Y, Li Y, Tang J, Zhao X, et al. ABCC6 in Cellular Metabolic Homeostasis: Biochemical Links to Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling, Mitochondrial Stress, and Senescence. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2026;84:3333-3351. PMID: 42631824. MeSH: Signal Transduction
  22. Mohamed AAK, Sabry YG, Elmistekawy A, Saaedi T, Omar I, Zaitone SA, et al. Calycosin protects from histopathological and ultrastructural changes in ethanol-induced liver injury and exhibits predicted binding affinity to TNF-α/NF-κB/HIF-1α proteins. Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1860075. PMID: 42625669. keyword: TNF-α/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling
  23. Wu H, Liu S, Chen S, Qin C, Yan W, Cao X, et al. Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:381. PMID: 41888105. MeSH: Signal Transduction

Medications 32

Filed by MeSH heading or keyword; each paper says which one matched. The Medications page holds the dated feed.

  1. Grasselli E, Voci A, Pesce C, Canesi L, Fugassa E, Gallo G, et al. [Expression of Concern] PAT protein mRNA expression in primary rat hepatocytes: Effects of exposure to fatty acids. Int J Mol Med. 2026;58:324. PMID: 42788357. MeSH: Hepatocytes/drug effects
  2. Pham TV, Thoa NT, Huong NT, Hoai LT, Hai TQ, Shantier SW, et al. Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities of Broussonetia papyrifera Aerial Parts: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study. Chem Biodivers. 2026;23:e71730. PMID: 42773741. MeSH: Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
  3. Tian T, Xue Y, Sun C, Yang L, Wang J, Jin-Smith B, et al. Alcohol reshapes liver zonal plasticity and immune-metabolic reprogramming in metabolic-syndrome associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2026;17:10047. PMID: 42768043. MeSH: Metabolic Reprogramming/drug effects
  4. Sailer J, Gottal J, Kaub L, Jauch AT, Engler J, Eberhagen C, et al. Cuproptosis in iron overload hepatocytes. Cell Death Dis. 2026;17:816. PMID: 42763343. MeSH: Hepatocytes/drug effects
  5. Samborska I, Maievskyi O, Haidai O. General structure of scorpion venom and its influence on morphological parameters of the mammalian liver. Wiad Lek. 2026;79:1661-1666. PMID: 42748317. MeSH: Liver/drug effects
  6. Yang Y, Kazemzadeh Dastjerd M, Smout A, Merens V, Toprakhisar B, Verfaillie CM, et al. Behaviour of iPSC-Derived and Donor-Derived Hepatic Stellate Cells in Organoid Cultures Is Highly Variable and Contributes to Fibrotic Outcome. Cells. 2026;15:1556. PMID: 42738850. MeSH: Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
  7. El Kaourat A, Kartah BE, El Fadili M, Bentarhlia N, Tachallait H, Jaouhari Y, et al. Cytotoxic Triterpenes from Argan Pulp (Argania spinosa): Isolation, In Vitro Evaluation on Cancer Cell Lines, and In Silico Studies. Molecules. 2026;31:3011. PMID: 42738671. MeSH: Triterpenes/pharmacology
  8. Ghani I, Qiao Q, Li S, Liu Y, Li Z. Effects of Bound Polyphenols on Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells and Glucose-Induced C. elegans Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:7802. PMID: 42737694. MeSH: Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
  9. Luo Y, Qian Z, Yuan G, Yang S, Gong W, Zhai Y, et al. The transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes hyperglycemia-elicited glycolysis and liver cancer progression. Nat Commun. 2026;17:9707. PMID: 42722647. MeSH: CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/antagonists & inhibitors
  10. Lin F, Wen C, Lin J, Jin R, Shao C, Xu N, et al. Integrated clinical and cellular analysis reveals ferroptosis as a key mechanism in early diquat poisoning. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026;323:120770. PMID: 42721925. MeSH: Ferroptosis/drug effects
  11. Sato T, Fujii A, Kato S, Afiyanti M, Shirako S, Nishidono Y, et al. Hydrophobic Compounds in the Paeonia suffruticosa Root Cortex Reduce Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes and the Livers of Obese ob/ob Mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2026;49:1471-1481. PMID: 42716794. MeSH: Adipocytes/drug effects
  12. Hamza RZ, El-Megharbel SM, Albogami B, Al-Thubaiti EH, AlZahrani SS, Alsolami K, et al. Ameliorative effects of Crocin as a potent antioxidant with its spectral characterization against Cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep. 2026;16:27949. PMID: 42706348. MeSH: Carotenoids/pharmacology
  13. Teymoorian SK, Nouri K, Choshali MA, Hassan M, Rismani E, Vosough M, et al. Vitamin E treatment modulates steatotic and attenuates oxidative stress in a MASLD in vitro model. Mol Biol Rep. 2026;53:1543. PMID: 42704499. MeSH: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
  14. Laddha AP, Ghanem C, Manautou JE. From pathogenesis to therapy: Extracellular vesicles orchestrate cellular crosstalk in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2026;1034:179307. PMID: 42692282. MeSH: Extracellular Vesicles/drug effects
  15. Maekawa T, Inoue A. [A novel human 3D steatohepatitis model recapitulating disease progression for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of action of MASH therapeutics]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2026;161:376-382. PMID: 42686558. MeSH: Fatty Liver/drug therapy
  16. Hegde S, Zheng Y, Cancelas JA. Quantification of Human Platelet Clearance In Vitro and in Xenotransfused Animals. Methods Mol Biol. 2026;3053:231-241. PMID: 42681417. MeSH: rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
  17. Wang RS, Pedrelli M, Ahmed O, Paolo G, Parini P, Loscalzo J. Deciphering the Mechanisms of Statin-Ezetimibe Drug Combinations Using Boolean Logical Modeling and Transcriptomic Data. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2026;15:e70329. PMID: 42678094. MeSH: Ezetimibe/pharmacology
  18. Chen K, Yang Z, Peng J, Liu C, Yu Y, Cai X, et al. Bacteroides cellulosilyticus-derived 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid rectifies hepatic lipid homeostasis in MASLD by targeting the PPARγ-CD36 axis. Gut Microbes. 2026;18:2725392. PMID: 42677827. MeSH: Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
  19. Kalvani Z, Tetteh PA, Kamunde C, Stevens D, Okoye C, van den Heuvel MR. Naphthenic acid fraction compounds disrupt bioenergetics, stimulate ROS, and induce necrosis in rainbow trout primary hepatocytes. Aquat Toxicol. 2026;300:107994. PMID: 42673672. MeSH: Hepatocytes/drug effects
  20. Arena K, Ambroselli D, Laganà Vinci R, Mondello L, Santi L, Dugo L, et al. From Traditional Spice to Functional Ingredient: Phenolic Profile and Bioactive Properties of Sicilian Rhus coriaria L. Fruit. Chem Biodivers. 2026;23:e71600. PMID: 42672729. MeSH: Phenols/pharmacology
  21. Tang Y, Chen Z, Sarkar H, Wei Y, Lopez-Darwin SL, Roichman A, et al. Host metadherin coordinates hepatic lipid metabolism and CD8+ T cell immunity to promote tumor progression. Cell Metab. 2026;38:2072-2089.e13. PMID: 42664974. keyword: immunotherapy
  22. Bader Y, Almey R, Lefever T, De Maesschalck A, Mouchtaris-Michailidis T, Goessens T, et al. Integrated histone and proteome analyses reveal convergent and distinct hepatotoxic mechanisms of tenuazonic acid and deoxynivalenol. J Hazard Mater. 2026;516:143320. PMID: 42664858. MeSH: Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
  23. Lu S, Ma J, Wang X, Zhang L, Lu J, Hu J. Integrated bioinformatic evaluation unveils a cellular senescence gene signature as a poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med. 2026;26:308. PMID: 42661129. keyword: Immunotherapy
  24. Shu Z, Zhou Q, Zhu M, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, et al. Kaempferol Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Oxidative Stress. Nutrients. 2026;18:2633. PMID: 42654213. MeSH: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
  25. Yue R, Zhao Z, Liu X, Luo L, Liu Y, Zeng L. Decoding the functional code of Tuo tea: From untargeted metabolomic profiling to multi-target anti-diabetic mechanisms via liver-pancreas metabolic crosstalk. Food Res Int. 2026;242:120070. PMID: 42637413. MeSH: Liver/drug effects
  26. Hashemian Z, Zarrabi M, Nouri M, Piryaei A, Moradi AM, Toosi MN, et al. SINEUP-mediated enhancement of HNF4α improves metabolic function in Huh7-based bioengineered hepatic microtissues. J Liver Cancer. 2026;26:298-316. PMID: 42625329. keyword: Drug screening assays
  27. Xu F, Albadry M, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Silibinin promotes hepatocyte proliferation through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy to alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Clin Exp Med. 2026;26:247. PMID: 42397441. MeSH: Silybin/pharmacology
  28. Cavalcanti MH, Damazo AS, Arruda SF. Tucum-do-Cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) Consumption Promoted a Healthier Expansion of Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2026;70:e70498. PMID: 42377995. MeSH: Adipose Tissue/drug effects
  29. Feng H, Esposito C, Benjak A, Matter MS, Cieri M, De Carlo C, et al. Optimized Ex Vivo Human Liver Slice Culture Maintains Extended Viability and Function for Hepatotoxicity Testing. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13:e23976. PMID: 42371767. MeSH: Liver/drug effects
  30. Areshidze DA, Kozlova MA, Anurkina AI, Chernikov VP. Morphofunctional State of the Liver Under Conditions of Three-Month Dark Deprivation: The Influence of Circadian Disruptions and Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci. 2026;27:2663. PMID: 41898526. MeSH: Melatonin/pharmacology
  31. Albadry M, Küttner J, Grzegorzewski J, Dirsch O, Kindler E, Klopfleisch R, et al. Cross-species variability in lobular geometry and cytochrome P450 hepatic zonation: insights into CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1404938. PMID: 38818378. keyword: drug metabolism
  32. Jungermann K, Heilbronn R, Katz N, Sasse D. The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate cycle in the periportal and perivenous zone of rat liver. Eur J Biochem. 1982;123:429-36. PMID: 6281009. MeSH: Glucagon/pharmacology